01 - Preheat the oven to 375°F. Line a 12-cup muffin tin with paper liners or grease thoroughly with butter or cooking spray.
02 - In a large mixing bowl, whisk together all-purpose flour, granulated sugar, salt, baking powder, and baking soda until well blended.
03 - In a separate bowl, whisk sourdough starter, eggs, melted butter, whole milk, and vanilla extract until smooth and fully incorporated.
04 - Pour the wet mixture into the dry ingredients. Gently fold together using a spatula just until combined—avoid overmixing to prevent tough muffins.
05 - Gently fold in the blueberries and lemon zest if using, taking care not to crush the berries.
06 - Divide the batter evenly among the 12 muffin cups, filling each approximately three-quarters full.
07 - Bake for 22 to 25 minutes until a toothpick inserted into the center comes out clean and the tops are golden brown.
08 - Let muffins rest in the pan for 5 minutes, then transfer to a wire rack to cool completely before serving.